Concentrations of glycoxidation products in mixed saliva correlates with age
Keywords:
mixed saliva, aging, aging biomarkers, malondialdehyde, advanced glycation end products
Abstract
Introduction. Oxidative stress is believed to be one of the mechanisms of aging, and oxidative stress products can be considered potential biomarkers of aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related changes in concentrations of malondialdehyde and advanced glycation end products in mixed saliva from healthy individuals of different age groups and to assess their potential as biomarkers of aging.
Methods. Mixed saliva samples were obtained from healthy children (n=22), young adults (n=26), middle-aged adults (n=20) and elderly people (n=20). Malondialdehyde (ELISA kit for Malondialdehyde, Cloud-Clone, China) and advanced glycation end product (ELISA kits for Advanced Glycation End Products, Cloud Clone, China) were measured by solid-phase enzyme immunoassays. To account for the dilution and viscosity parameters of the mixed saliva, the results were standardized by total protein concentration of the samples using the Mindray kit (China).
Results. The concentration of malondialdehyde did not differ between the age groups. The concentration of advanced glycation end products increased in the elderly group, both before and after standardization. We found that the immediate and standardized concentrations of advanced glycation products were correlated with the age. The simple linear regression method was used for characterizing the significant linear dependence on the chronological age.
Conclusion. The revealed age dependence of the concentration of advanced glycation end products in mixed saliva allows considering these compounds as potential biomarkers of aging.
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References
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29. Wei D., Zhang X.L., Wang Y.Z., Yang C.X., Chen G. Lipid peroxidation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapy. Aust Dent J. 2010; 55(1): 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01123.x
2. López-Otín C., Blasco M.A., Partridge L., Serrano M., Kroemer G. Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell. 2023; 186(2): 243-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001
3. Aitbaev K.A., Murkamilov I.T., Fomin V.V. Molecular mechanisms of aging: the role of oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications. Advances in Gerontology. 2019; 32(1-2): 20-28. (In Russian)
4. Faraonio R. Oxidative stress and cell senescence process. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022; 11(9): 1718. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091718
5. Zenkov N.K., Men'shikova E.B., Shkurupiy V.A. Aging and inflammation. Uspekhi sovremennoy biologii. 2010; 130(1): 20-37. (In Russian)
6. Chen R., Wang Y., Zhang S., Bulloch G., Zhang J., Liao H. et al. Biomarkers of ageing: Current state-of-art, challenges, and opportunities. MedComm – Future Med. 2023; 2: e50. https://doi.org/10.1002/mef2.50
7. Barrera G. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products in cancer progression and therapy. ISRN Oncol. 2012; 2012: 137289. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/137289
8. Lee R., Margaritis M., Channon K.M., Antoniades C. Evaluating oxidative stress in human cardiovascular disease: methodological aspects and considerations. Curr Med Chem. 2012; 19(16): 2504-2520. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986712800493057
9. Volkova M.V., Ragino Y.I. Modern biomarkers of oxidative stress estimated by immuno-enzymal analysis. Ateroscleroz. 2021; 17(4): 79-92. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.52727/2078-256X-2021-17-4-79-92
10. Frijhoff J., Winyard P.G., Zarkovic N., Davies S.S., Stocker R., Cheng D. et al. Clinical relevance of biomarkers of oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015; 23(14): 1144-1170. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2015.6317
11. Almerich-Silla J.M., Montiel-Company J.M., Pastor S., Serrano F., Puig-Silla M., Dasí F. Oxidative stress parameters in saliva and its association with periodontal disease and types of bacteria. Dis Markers. 2015; 2015: 653537. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/653537
12. Gil L., Siems W., Mazurek B., Gross J., Schroeder P., Voss P. et al. Age-associated analysis of oxidative stress parameters in human plasma and erythrocytes. Free Radical Research. 2006; 40(5): 495–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760600592962
13. Ilyashenko K.K., Simonova A.Yu., Belova M.V., Klychnikova E.V., Bitkova E.E., Borovkov N.V. On the question of the norm of some laboratory indicators of homeostasis in people over 60. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care". 2021; 10(4): 787-792. https://doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-4-787-792
14. Tsikas D., Tsikas S.A., Mikuteit M., Ückert S. Circulating and urinary concentrations of malondialdehyde in aging humans in health and disease: review and discussion. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(10): 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102744
15. Ott C., Jacobs K., Haucke E., Navarrete Santos A., Grune T., Simm A. Role of advanced glycation end products in cellular signaling. Redox Biol. 2014; 2: 411-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.016
16. Zgutka K., Tkacz M., Tomasiak P., Tarnowski M. A role for advanced glycation end products in molecular ageing. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(12): 9881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24129881
17. Ilea A., Băbţan A.M., Boşca B.A., Crişan M., Petrescu N.B., Collino M. et al. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in oral pathology. Arch Oral Biol. 2018; 93: 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.013
18. Emel’yanov V.V. Glycation, antiglycation and deglycation: role in mechanisms of aging ang geroprotective (literature review). Advances in Gerontology. 2016; 29(3): 407-416. (In Russian)
19. Watanabe Y., Okada K., Kondo M., Matsushita T., Nakazawa S., Yamazaki Y. Oral health for achieving longevity. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2020; 20(6): 526-538. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13921
20. Lamster I.B., Asadourian L., Del Carmen T., Friedman P.K. The aging mouth: differentiating normal aging from disease. Periodontol. 2000. 2016; 72(1): 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12131
21. Maciejczyk M., Zalewska A., Ładny J.R. Salivary antioxidant barrier, redox status, and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in healthy children, adults, and the elderly. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019; 2019: 4393460. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4393460
22. Papale F., Santonocito S., Polizzi A., Giudice A.L., Capodiferro S., Favia G. et al. The new era of salivaomics in dentistry: frontiers and facts in the early diagnosis and prevention of oral diseases and cancer. Metabolites. 2022; 12(7): 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070638
23. Kopenkin M.A., Polushina L.G., Sementsova E.A., Mandra Yu.V., Bazarnyi V.V. Сhange features of saliva biochemical parameters during aging. Klinicheskaya Laboratornaya Diagnostika (Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics). 2024; 69(3): 108-115 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2024-69-3-108-115
24. Kopenkin M.A., Polushina L.G., Sementsova E.A., Mandra Y.V., Bazarnyi V.V. Mixed saliva chemical parameters changes in age‑related oral diseases. Ural Medical Journal. 2024; 23(3): 46-58. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.52420/umj.23.3.46
25. Lykova S.G., Svechnikova E.V., Morzhanaeva M.A. Advanced glycation end products as biomarkers of aging. Vestnik RAEN. 2018; 18(2): 71-77. (in Russian)
26. Shevtsova A.I., Tkachenko V.А. Advanced glycation end products and their receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2019; 17(1): 11-16. (in Russian) https://doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2019-17-1-11-16
27. Jung W.K., Park S.B., Kim H.R., Ryu H.Y., Kim Y.H., Kim J. Advanced glycation end products increase salivary gland hypofunction in d-galactose-induced aging rats and its prevention by physical exercise. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2021; 43(3): 2059-2067. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43030142
28. Akalιn F.A., Baltacιoğlu E., Alver A., Karabulut, E. Lipid peroxidation levels and total oxidant status in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2007; 34(7): 558–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01091.x
29. Wei D., Zhang X.L., Wang Y.Z., Yang C.X., Chen G. Lipid peroxidation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapy. Aust Dent J. 2010; 55(1): 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01123.x
Published
2025-03-27
How to Cite
Kopenkin M. A., Polushina L. G., Bazarnyi V. V. Concentrations of glycoxidation products in mixed saliva correlates with age // Patologicheskaya Fiziologiya i Eksperimental’naya Terapiya (Pathological physiology and experimental therapy). 2025. VOL. 69. № 1. PP. 73–80.
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Section
Original research
