Dynamics of the state of blood cells and bone marrow in mice with the progressive development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Purpose of the work: to study the dynamics of the state of blood and bone marrow cells during the progressive development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), in depending on the severity of disturbances of redox processes (ORP) in body tissues.

Methods. A gnetic model of DM2 in mutant mice was used – db/db (experimental group n=30). Healthy mice of the same line – db/+m (n=10) and line B10 (n=5) served as control. Within 6 – 6.5 months. monitored: the dynamics of clinical indicators (blood glucose, HbA1c, body weight) and the state of ORP in the body tissues according to the level of NADH, FAD activity and the indicator of oxidative metabolism (IOM) using the Lasma-ST apparatus. During the same period, the condition of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) and bone marrow cells was examined. Statistical processing of the results was carried out with preliminary use of the Shapiro–Wilks test; the significance of differences with the control was assessed using the parametric t – Student’s test, at p<0.05.

Results. In the development of DM2, 3 stages of progressive metabolic disorders and ORP have been identified: I – stage of adaptation (1.0-2.0 months); II – stage of progressive disadaptation (2.5-4.5 months); III – stage of decompensation (5.0-6.5 months). It was found that already at stage I in db/db mice the content of erythrocytes, Hb and leukocytes decreased. In stages II and especially III, there was an increase in platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and a decrease in lymphocytes. In the bone marrow of db/db mice, already in stage I, but especially in stage III, a decrease in the proportion of living cells and an increase in the number of damaged cells were determined, mainly due to aponecrotic cells.

Conclusion. With the progression of DM2 and a pronounced decrease in the effectiveness of ORP, especially at stage III, the processes of hematopoiesis are inhibited in the body and disturbances in the ratio of cell populations of neutrophils/lymphocytes intensify, which indicates the development of severe hypoxia, activation of a systemic inflammatory response and inhibition of reparative processes that create conditions for development of dangerous complications.