Signal molecular and hormonal mechanisms of formation of the hypoxic preconditioning protective effects

Abstract

In the review, results of the long-standing authors’studies and literature data concerning one of the underresearched aspects of actual problem of induced brain tolerance to injurious factors — «preventive» signal function of the hypoxic preconditioning, as well as molecular and hormonal mechanisms underlying its protective effects are presented. Hypoxic preconditioning by using of mild hypobaric hypoxia in special mode mobilizes evolutionary acquired genome determined defense mechanisms of brain neurons and whole organism. This process involves an activation of multiple intracellular components, as well as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Cascade mechanisms of intracellular signaling including receptors, mitochondrial respiratory chain, key intracellular regulatory systems, early genes, superfamilies of the inducible and activation transcription factors are sequentially engaged in the processes of initiation, induction and expression of hypoxic tolerance. The determination of optimal modes of hypoxic preconditioning appears to be of significant importance to assure the effective activation of protective signal mechanisms.