Immunoprophylaxis COVID-19 in aspects of different age groups

Abstract

According to the literature, endotheliocytes are assigned to key target cells of SARS-CoV-2 since virus replication occurs in their cytoplasm. COVID-19 is characterized by relatively delayed antibody formation. The body of aged people cannot “complete” the immune response quickly enough or needs prolonged stimulation to develop an effective specific immune response due to a general age-related decrease in adaptive potential. The aim of this study was to compare the number of patients who have recovered or died from COVID-19 depending on the vaccination history among young, middle-aged, late-middle-aged, old, and very old persons. Methods. In total, the study included 1800 patients hospitalized in St. Petersburg Municipal Multifunctional Hospital #2 from November 1 to 30, 2021. Among hospitalized patients, young and middle-aged people accounted for 32.2%, late-middle-aged 35.8%, old 28.0%, and very old 4.0%. The following comparison groups were formed: 1) young and middle-aged patients; 2) latemiddle-aged patients; 3) old patients; and 4) very old patients. Each of the groups, in turn, was divided into subgroups of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. All groups were sex-matched. The vaccination history included the fact of immunoprophylaxis against the new coronavirus infection at least 1 mo. before hospitalization with vaccines of domestic production (Gam-KOVID-Vak, EpiVakKorona, Sputnik Light). Statistical research methods were applied, and an analysis of extensive indicators was performed. Results. Persons over 60 yrs. of age had a higher risk of infection and post-infection complications. The vaccines were able to prevent the development of post-COVID vascular events by increasing immunological resistance. Conclusion. A high efficiency of vaccination against COVID-19 has been demonstrated. Immunoprophylaxis significantly reduced both the rates of incidence and mortality. Severe COVID-19 was found in patients of the older age group.