Investigation of the Effects of Lithium Chloride on Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in a Photochemically Induced Stroke Model

Abstract

Introduction. Ischemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, with inflammation playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Lithium chloride (LiCl), known for its neuroprotective properties, has emerged as a potential modulator of neuroinflammation. Objective. To evaluate the effects of LiCl on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a rat model of photochemically induced cerebral infarction (PICI). Methods. The study included three groups of animals: intact, control (PICI + 0.9% NaCl), and experimental (PICI + LiCl at 63 mg/kg). Cytokine mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results. Induction of PICI resulted in increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression in brain tissue. Administration of LiCl significantly reduced IL-1β by 21% and TNF-α by 41%. Conclusion. These findings confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of LiCl in ischemic brain injury and highlight its potential as a component of combined stroke therapy. Further studies are needed to assess dose-dependence and long-term outcomes. Keywords: lithium; cytokines; IL-1beta; IL-6; TNF-α; neuroprotection; brain infarction