The effectiveness of multitarget gels with different ratios of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components in the correction of experimental periodontitis

Abstract

Introduction. The etiopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, which is based on the interaction of periodontal pathogens with the immune system, requires a comprehensive approach to addressing emerging disorders. The scientific and practical significance of the pathogenetic basis for the optimal balance of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial components in periodontal gel formulations is due to their potential to enhance the efficacy of multi-purpose medications, as well as to implement the modern concept of rational antibiotic use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the proportion of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory ingredients in experimental samples of multitarget gels on their efficacy in correcting serum levels of markers of inflammation and destructive disorders in the musculoskeletal system in a rat model of periodontitis.

Methodology. The study was carried out on 90 male rats. The control group consisted of 10 intact rats. The comparison group included 20 animals with experimental periodontitis: experimental groups No. 1, No.2 and No.3 each consisted of 20 rats with periodontitis treated with gels containing microcapsules containing silver nanoparticles loaded with tannic acid and metronidazole at ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 respectively. On the 3rd, 4th and 5th week of the experiment, concentrations of markers for the inflammatory response, endothelial activation and bone tissue destruction in the blood serum were evaluated.

Results and conclusions. The development of periodontitis in rats was accompanied by an increase in the serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), E-selectin, and collagen type I fragments (CTX). A gel with a ratio of tannic acid to metronidazole of 2:1 was found to be more effective than those with ratios of 1:1 or 1:2 in terms of correcting the serum concentrations of MCP-1, with reductions of 5.2- and 4.76-fold, respectively, on the third week of the study. A gel with a 2:1 ratio of tannic acid and metronidazole encapsulated in the 5th week of the experiment was found to be more effective than gels with 1:1 or 1:2 ratios in correcting serum levels of MCP-1 and CTX, by 84% and 29%, respectively, and 82% and 30%. Thus, the gel containing tannic acid and metronidazole capsules in a 2:1 ratio is the most effective at correcting serum levels of inflammatory and bone resorption markers in rats with periodontitis when compared to analogues with equal ratios of capsules or a predominance of antimicrobial components.