Pathomorphological changes in the liver of experimental animals and their correction in thioacetamide-induced damage

Abstract

Introduction. Chronic liver diseases and complications associated with them lead to more than two million deaths annually. Human studies have shown that fibrosis and even cirrhosis of the liver can be reversible. Despite certain successes in the field of influencing the process of fibrogenesis, the effectiveness of treating fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver is currently low. It is important to search for new and effective ways to correct fibrotic changes in the liver. Aim. To study pathomorphological changes in the liver of experimental animals and the effectiveness of their correction with long-term exposure to thioacetamide. Methods. The studies were conducted on 56 outbred conventional male rats for 100 days. Thioacetamide was administered intraperitoneally 2 times a week at a dose of 50 mg / kg b.w. Saline served as the carrier and control substance. Correction was performed 1 hour before the toxicant ademetionine and a complex compound of oxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine. At the periods of 50 and 100 days, the morphological indices of the liver were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS Statistics 21.0 software (IBM, USA). Results. As a result of the studies, it was established that thioacetamide at a dose of 50 mg / kg b.w. after 100 days causes noticeable liver damage in laboratory animals, which manifested itself in the form of mixed cirrhosis, hydropic dystrophy and necrosis of hepatocytes. Analysis of morphometric indices showed that when exposed to thioacetamide at both stages of the experiment, the area of ​​​​the nuclei of hepatocytes increases, and the area of ​​​​the cytoplasm decreases, there is an increase in the nuclear-plasmic ratio. With prophylactic administration of a complex compound of oxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine, the growth of fibrous tissue in the liver and its infiltration with leukocytes were visualized to a lesser extent, which was confirmed by the morphometric results. Conclusion. Thioacetamide, when administered for a long time at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., causes a hepatotoxic effect, manifested in pathological changes in the liver tissue. Prophylactic administration of a complex compound of oxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine ​​has some hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effect.