Content of growth factors in blood plasma in reparative osteogenesis in rats with metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Introduction. Considering the important role of platelet-derived growth factor and vascular-endothelial growth factor in the regulation of fracture healing, studying the dynamics of the concentration of these growth factors during reparative osteogenesis is of undoubted interest for elucidating the mechanisms of bone integrity restoration in animals with metabolic syndrome.

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of platelet-derived growth factor-B and vascular-endothelial growth factor-A in the blood plasma of rats with metabolic syndrome during reparative osteogenesis.

Methods. The experimental animals were divided into the following groups: 1) naïve; 2) control – lower jaw defect; 3) metabolic syndrome; 4) experimental - metabolic syndrome and lower jaw defect. Metabolic syndrome was simulated in rats by using a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet and replacing drinking water with 20% fructose solution for 12 weeks ad libitum. The lower jaw defect was simulated in rats according to Grigoryan A.S. et al. method and a perforation hole with a diameter of 3 mm was formed. Animals of the control and experimental groups were sacrificed from the experiment on the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days after the surgery to form the lower jaw defect using an anesthesia overdose. The content of vascular endothelial and platelet growth factors in the blood plasma of the studied animals was determined using the enzyme immunoassay.

Results. It was established that the content of the studied growth factors increased during the metabolic syndrome development. A significantly higher content of platelet-derived growth factor was shown at all observation periods in control animals compared to rats with the lower jaw defect and metabolic syndrome (experimental group) and ones with a lower jaw defect without metabolic syndrome (control group). The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly lower in rats of the experimental group on the 14^th-21^st days. The content of this growth factor in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control animals on the 28^th day of the experiment.

Conclusion. The peculiarities of the studied growth factors dynamics in the reparative osteogenesis are conditioned by impaired activity of cells-producers: endothelial cells, platelets, macrophages, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, during the metabolic syndrome development.